To evaluate the improvement of the mechanical property of three different GIC’s combined with 2% Graphene Oxide using the 2-point bend test: an in-vitro study

Authors

  • Vyankatesh Gupta 3rd Year PG Student Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.
  • Ravi Nagpal Professor and HOD, Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.
  • Anant Heda Professor, Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.
  • Akansha Khandelwal 3rd Year PG Student Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.
  • Pranali Parkale 2nd Year PG student Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.
  • Komal Agrawal 1st Year PG student Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v6i1.152

Keywords:

Glass Ionomer Cement, Graphene Oxide, Flexural Strength

Abstract

Objective: Glass ionomer systems are widely used in dentistry for their multifarious advantages, such as chemical adhesion, fluoride release, and biocompatibility. However, its low flexural strength and brittleness limit its clinical outcome. Graphene oxide, a nanofiller has shown promising results with increased mechanical and physiochemical properties.  This case report examines the improvement of flexural strength of four different restorative GIC’s combined with 2% Graphene Oxide using two- point bend test.

Materials and Methods: Experimental modified GIC’s were prepared by adding 2% graphene oxide with three different traditional GIC’s using measuring scale. Mechanical mixing was carried out and three different specimens were prepared in a silicone mould.  Flexural strength of each experimental and control group was investigated using a two- point bend test.

Results: Graphene Oxide mixed with GIC shows higher flexural strength as compared to conventional GIC.

Significance: Adding Graphene oxide to GIC can significantly improve its mechanical properties, providing clinical benefits. In addition, it does not affect the solubility or fluoride-ion-releasing properties of the material, which opens new avenues for restorative dentistry.

Keywords: Glass Ionomer Cement, Graphene Oxide, flexural strength

Author Biographies

Vyankatesh Gupta, 3rd Year PG Student Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.

3rd Year PG Student Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.

Ravi Nagpal, Professor and HOD, Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.

Professor and HOD, Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.

Anant Heda, Professor, Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.

Professor, Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.

Akansha Khandelwal , 3rd Year PG Student Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.

3rd Year PG Student Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.

Pranali Parkale, 2nd Year PG student Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.

2nd Year PG student Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.

Komal Agrawal, 1st Year PG student Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.

1st Year PG student Dept. Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Dr RR Kambe Dental College and Hospital, Akola.

References

Sidhu SK, Nicholson JW. A review of glass-ionomer cements for clinical dentistry. Journal of functional biomaterials. 2016 Jun 28;7(3):16. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb7030016 PMid:27367737 PMCid:PMC5040989

Sari F, Ugurlu M. Reinforcement of resin-modified glass-ionomer cement with glass fiber and graphene oxide. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials. 2023 Jun 1;142:105850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105850 PMid:37068435

Kanchanavasita W, Anstice HM, Pearson GJ. Long-term flexural strengths of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements. Biomaterials. 1998 Sep 1;19(18):1703-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(98)00079-9 PMid:9840006

Moreira e Moraes RU, Abreu MA, Frazão MC, Ferreira PV, Bauer J, Carvalho CN, Carvalho EM. Effect of Graphene Oxide Nanoparticles Incorporation on the Mechanical Properties of a Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement. Polymers. 2024 Aug 24;16(17):2401. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172401 PMid:39274034 PMCid:PMC11396858

Kornilov DY, Gubin SP. Graphene oxide: structure, properties, synthesis, and reduction (a review). Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2020 Dec;65(13):1965-76. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036023620130021

Mokhtar MM, Abo-El-Enein SA, Hassaan MY, Morsy MS, Khalil MH. Mechanical performance, pore structure and micro-structural characteristics of graphene oxide nano platelets reinforced cement. Construction and Building Materials. 2017 May 1;138:333-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.021

Sun L, Yan Z, Duan Y, Zhang J, Liu B. Improvement of the mechanical, tribological and antibacterial properties of glass ionomer cements by fluorinated graphene. Dental Materials. 2018 Jun 1;34(6):e115-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2018.02.006 PMid:29567317

Aboelwafa MR, Shaheen SD. Microhardness, surface roughness, and wear resistance enhancement of reinforced conventional glass ionomer cement using fluorinated graphene oxide nanosheets. European Journal of Dentistry. 2024 Oct;18(04):1116-23. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0044-1785188 PMid:38759994 PMCid:PMC11479740

Fu X, Lin J, Liang Z, Yao R, Wu W, Fang Z, Zou W, Wu Z, Ning H, Peng J. Graphene oxide as a promising nanofiller for polymer composite. Surfaces and Interfaces. 2023 Apr 1;37:102747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2023.102747

Liu R, Wang E, Guo Y, Zhou Q, Zheng Y, Zhai J, Zhang K, Zhang B. Enhanced antibacterial properties and promoted cell proliferation in glass ionomer cement by modified with fluorinated graphene-doped. Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials. 2021 Aug;19:22808000211037487. https://doi.org/10.1177/22808000211037487 PMid:34428976

Published

15.03.2026

How to Cite

Gupta, V., Nagpal, R., Heda, A., Khnadelwal, A. ., Parkale, P., & Agrawal, K. (2026). To evaluate the improvement of the mechanical property of three different GIC’s combined with 2% Graphene Oxide using the 2-point bend test: an in-vitro study. Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences, 6(1), 5–8. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v6i1.152

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 1 (2026): Volume 6, Issue 1, January-March 2026

Section

Research Article

Citations

Copyright (c) 2026 Vyankatesh Gupta, Ravi Nagpal, Anant Heda, Akansha Khandelwal , Pranali Parkale, Komal Agrawal

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Most read articles by the same author(s)