Multidermatomal Herpes Zoster of the trigeminal nerve in an immunocompetent patient: a case report

Chia Earn Sun; Sahrir  Sanusi

doi:10.22270/ajdhs.v4i1.67

Authors

Chia Earn Sun Postgraduate School of Medicine, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Sahrir Sanusi Postgraduate School of Medicine, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v4i1.67

Keywords:

herpes zoster, trigeminal nerve, neurocutaneous viral infection

Abstract

Herpes Zoster is a neurocutaneous viral infection caused by the reactivation of the Varicella Zoster Virus in the dorsal root ganglion. It is characterized as vesicular rash along a unilateral dermatome, usually associated with pain or paresthesia of the involved area. Multidermatomal involvement is rare in immunocompetent patients. We report an unusual case of Herpes Zoster involving the maxillary(V2) and mandibular(V3) branches of the trigeminal nerve in a healthy immunocompetent lady.

Keywords: herpes zoster, neurocutaneous viral infection, trigeminal nerve

Author Biographies

Chia Earn Sun, Postgraduate School of Medicine, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Postgraduate School of Medicine, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

Sahrir Sanusi, Postgraduate School of Medicine, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

KPJ Kajang Specialist Hospital, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

References

Francis M, Subramanian K, Sankari SL, Potluri VL, Prabakaran A. Herpes Zoster with Post Herpetic Neuralgia Involving the Right Maxillary Branch of Trigeminal Nerve: A Case Report and Review of Literature. J Clin Diagn Res. 2017 Jan;11(1):ZD40-ZD42. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2017/22590.9237 PMid:28274075 PMCid:PMC5324520

Pelloni, L.S., Pelloni, R. & Borradori, L. Herpes zoster of the trigeminal nerve with multi-dermatomal involvement: a case report of an unusual presentation. BMC Dermatol 2020;20(12). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12895-020-00110-1 PMid:33126864 PMCid:PMC7602315

Naveen KN, Pradeep AV, Kumar JS, Hegde SP, Pai VV, Athanikar SB. Herpes zoster affecting all three divisions of trigeminal nerve in an immunocompetent male: a rare presentation. Indian J Dermatol. 2014 Jul;59(4):423. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5154.135548

Dube, Shobhana & Ranjan, Pratyush & Rajshekhar, V. Multidermatomal herpes zoster ophthalmicus in an immunocompetent male. Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology and Research. 2017;5:38. 10.4103/2320-3897.195308. https://doi.org/10.4103/2320-3897.195308

Patro, Shubhransu & Jena, Payod & Misra, Gagan & Rath, Kali & Khatua, Pravakar. Herpes zoster infection involving the maxillary branch of the right trigeminal nerve - a rare case report. The Antiseptic. 2013;110:36-38.

Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. Herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia: an examination of psychological antecedents. Innovations in clinical neuroscience, 2014;11(5-6):31-34.

Yang F, Yu S, Fan B, Liu Y, Chen YX, Kudel I, Concialdi K, DiBonaventura M, Hopps M, Hlavacek P, Cappelleri JC, Sadosky A, Parsons B, Udall M. The Epidemiology of Herpes Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia in China: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study. Pain Ther. 2019 Dec;8(2):249-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40122-019-0127-z PMid:31218562 PMCid:PMC6857181

Dworkin RH, Johnson RW, Breuer J, Gnann JW, Levin MJ, Backonja M, Betts RF, Gershon AA, Haanpaa ML, McKendrick MW, Nurmikko TJ, Oaklander AL, Oxman MN, Pavan-Langston D, Petersen KL, Rowbotham MC, Schmader KE, Stacey BR, Tyring SK, van Wijck AJ, Wallace MS, Wassilew SW, Whitley RJ. Recommendations for the management of herpes zoster. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Jan 1;44 Suppl 1:S1-26. doi: 10.1086/510206. PMID: 17143845. https://doi.org/10.1086/510206 PMid:17143845

Sra KK, Tyring SK. Treatment of postherpetic neuralgia. Skin Therapy Lett. 2004 Oct;9(8):1-4. PMID: 15550990.

Liu Y, Wang M, Xiong MM, Zhang XG, Fang M. Intravenous Administration of Vitamin C in the Treatment of Herpes Zoster-Associated Pain: Two Case Reports and Literature Review. Pain Res Manag. 2020 Dec 1;2020:8857287. doi: 10.1155/2020/8857287. PMID: 33335639; PMCID: PMC7723478. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8857287 PMid:33335639 PMCid:PMC7723478

Kim, Y. J., Lee, C. N., Lee, M. S., Lee, J. H., Lee, J. Y., Han, K., & Park, Y. M. Recurrence Rate of Herpes Zoster and Its Risk Factors: a Population-based Cohort Study. Journal of Korean medical science, 2018;34(2):e1. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2019.34.e1 PMid:30636941 PMCid:PMC6327089

Levin, M. J., Gershon, A. A., Dworkin, R. H., Brisson, M., & Stanberry, L. Prevention strategies for herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia. Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology, 2010;48 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S14-S19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-6532(10)70004-4 PMid:20510262