Transfusion Therapy in HIV: Risk Mitigation and Benefits for Improved Patient Outcomes

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v4i1.62

Keywords:

Transfusion therapy, HIV, blood safety, antiretroviral therapy, risks, benefits, patient outcomes, transfusion-transmitted infections, personalized treatment, hematology, blood products

Abstract

Transfusion therapy is a pivotal aspect of healthcare, especially for individuals living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This comprehensive review aims to dissect the intricate landscape of transfusion therapy in HIV patients, emphasizing the delicate balance between risks and benefits to achieve enhanced patient outcomes. With advancements in blood safety measures and antiretroviral therapy (ART), navigating the complexities of transfusion therapy in HIV management becomes paramount for healthcare professionals. The review consolidates current knowledge and emerging trends, encompassing challenges, benefits, risks, and strategies to optimize transfusion therapy for improved patient care. The paper delineates key areas, including blood safety measures such as nucleic acid testing (NAT) and pathogen reduction technologies, emphasizing their role in ensuring safer blood products for transfusion in HIV patients. Furthermore, it explores the impact of HIV on hematological disorders, delving into transfusion-transmitted infections and strategies to mitigate these risks. Additionally, it scrutinizes the therapeutic benefits of transfusion therapy in managing hematologic complications in HIV, while addressing potential risks, including immune reactions and adverse effects. Optimizing transfusion therapy in HIV necessitates personalized approaches, considering the individual patient's HIV status, comorbidities, and specific transfusion needs. The role of ART in reducing transfusion requirements and associated risks is highlighted, alongside emerging trends like novel therapies and alternative transfusion practices.

Keywords: Transfusion therapy, HIV, blood safety, antiretroviral therapy, risks, benefits, patient outcomes, transfusion-transmitted infections, personalized treatment, hematology, blood products

Author Biographies

Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda,

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Kampala International University, Uganda,

Getrude Uzoma Obeagu , School of Nursing Science, Kampala International University, Uganda,

School of Nursing Science, Kampala International University, Uganda,

References

Vishnu P, Aboulafia DM. (Haematological manifestations of human immune deficiency virus infection. British journal of haematology,2015; 171(5):695-709. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.13783 PMid:26452169

Volberding PA, Baker KR, Levine AM. Human immunodeficiency virus hematology. ASH Education Program Book, 2003(1), 294-313. https://doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2003.1.294 PMid:14633787

Obeagu EI, Okwuanaso CB, Edoho SH, Obeagu GU. Under-nutrition among HIV-exposed Uninfected Children: A Review of African Perspective. Madonna University journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2022;2(3):120-127.

Obeagu EI, Alum EU, Obeagu GU. Factors associated with prevalence of HIV among youths: A review of Africa perspective. Madonna University journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2023;3(1):13-18. https://madonnauniversity.edu.ng/journals/index.php/medicine/article/view/93 .

Obeagu EI. A Review of Challenges and Coping Strategies Faced by HIV/AIDS Discordant Couples. Madonna University journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2023 ;3(1):7-12. https://madonnauniversity.edu.ng/journals/index.php/medicine/article/view/91 .

Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU. An update on premalignant cervical lesions and cervical cancer screening services among HIV positive women. J Pub Health Nutri. 2023;6(2). 2023;141:1-2. links/63e538ed64252375639dd0df/An-update-on-premalignant-cervical-lesions-and-cervical-cancer-screening-services-among-HIV-positive-women.pdf .

Ezeoru VC, Enweani IB, Ochiabuto O, Nwachukwu AC, Ogbonna US, Obeagu EI. Prevalence of Malaria with Anaemia and HIV status in women of reproductive age in Onitsha, Nigeria. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2021;33(4):10-19. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i431166

Omo-Emmanuel UK, Chinedum OK, Obeagu EI. Evaluation of laboratory logistics management information system in HIV/AIDS comprehensive health facilities in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Int J Curr Res Med Sci. 2017;3(1): 21-38.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22192/ijcrms.2017.03.01.004

Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU, Musiimenta E, Bot YS, Hassan AO. Factors contributing to low utilization of HIV counseling and testing services. Int. J. Curr. Res. Med. Sci. 2023;9(2): 1-5.DOI: https://doi.org/10.22192/ijcrms.2023.09.02.001

Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU. An update on survival of people living with HIV in Nigeria. J Pub Health Nutri. 2022;5(6):129. links/645b4bfcf3512f1cc5885784/An-update-on-survival-of-people-living-with-HIV-in-Nigeria.pdf .

Offie DC, Obeagu EI, Akueshi C, Njab JE, Ekanem EE, Dike PN, Oguh DN. Facilitators and barriers to retention in HIV care among HIV infected MSM attending Community Health Center Yaba, Lagos Nigeria. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2021;33(52B):10-19. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i52B33593

Obeagu EI, Ogbonna US, Nwachukwu AC, Ochiabuto O, Enweani IB, Ezeoru VC. Prevalence of Malaria with Anaemia and HIV status in women of reproductive age in Onitsha, Nigeria. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2021;33(4):10-19. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i431166

Odo M, Ochei KC, Obeagu EI, Barinaadaa A, Eteng UE, Ikpeme M, Bassey JO, Paul AO. TB Infection Control in TB/HIV Settings in Cross River State, Nigeria: Policy Vs Practice. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2020;32(22):101-119. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2230777

Obeagu EI, Eze VU, Alaeboh EA, Ochei KC. Determination of haematocrit level and iron profile study among persons living with HIV in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. J BioInnovation. 2016; 5:464-471. links/592bb4990f7e9b9979a975cf/DETERMINATION-OF-HAEMATOCRIT-LEVEL-AND-IRON-PROFILE-STUDY-AMONG-PERSONS-LIVING-WITH-HIV-IN-UMUAHIA-ABIA-STATE-NIGERIA.pdf .

Ifeanyi OE, Obeagu GU. The values of prothrombin time among HIV positive patients in FMC owerri. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2015;4(4):911-916. https://www.academia.edu/download/38320140/Obeagu_Emmanuel_Ifeanyi_and_Obeagu__Getrude_Uzoma2.EMMA1.pdf.

Izuchukwu IF, Ozims SJ, Agu GC, Obeagu EI, Onu I, Amah H, Nwosu DC, Nwanjo HU, Edward A, Arunsi MO. Knowledge of preventive measures and management of HIV/AIDS victims among parents in Umuna Orlu community of Imo state Nigeria. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. 2016;3(10): 55-65. https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2016.03.10.009

Chinedu K, Takim AE, Obeagu EI, Chinazor UD, Eloghosa O, Ojong OE, Odunze U. HIV and TB co-infection among patients who used Directly Observed Treatment Short-course centres in Yenagoa, Nigeria. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci. 2017;12(4):70-75. links/5988ab6d0f7e9b6c8539f73d/HIV-and-TB-co-infection-among-patients-who-used-Directly-Observed-Treatment-Short-course-centres-in-Yenagoa-Nigeria.pdf

Oloro OH, Oke TO, Obeagu EI. Evaluation of Coagulation Profile Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria. Madonna University journal of Medicine and Health Sciences ISSN: 2814-3035. 2022;2(3):110-119.

Crespo-Fierro, M. (2018). Culture Care Needs of Puerto Rican Women Receiving HIV Care from Nurse Practitioners in New York City.

Thachil, J., Owusu-Ofori, S., & Bates, I. (2014). Haematological diseases in the tropics. Manson's Tropical Infectious Diseases, 894. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7020-5101-2.00066-2 PMCid:PMC7167525

Livingston, J. (2012). Improvising medicine: an African oncology ward in an emerging cancer epidemic. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9780822395768

Nwosu DC, Obeagu EI, Nkwocha BC, Nwanna CA, Nwanjo HU, Amadike JN, Elendu HN, Ofoedeme CN, Ozims SJ, Nwankpa P. Change in Lipid Peroxidation Marker (MDA) and Non enzymatic Antioxidants (VIT C & E) in HIV Seropositive Children in an Urban Community of Abia State. Nigeria. J. Bio. Innov. 2016;5(1):24-30. links/5ae735e9a6fdcc5b33eb8d6a/CHANGE-IN-LIPID-PEROXIDATION-MARKER-MDAAND-NON-ENZYMATIC-ANTIOXIDANTS-VIT-C-E-IN-HIV-SEROPOSITIVE-CHILDREN-IN-AN-URBAN-COMMUNITY-OF-ABIA-STATE-NIGERIA.pdf .

Igwe CM, Obeagu IE, Ogbuabor OA. Clinical characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS on ART in 2014 at tertiary health institutions in Enugu, Nigeria. J Pub Health Nutri. 2022 https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2022/v10i430294

(6). 2022;130. links/645a166f5762c95ac3817d32/Clinical-characteristics-of-people-living-with-HIV-AIDS-on-ART-in-2014-at-tertiary-health-institutions-in-Enugu.pdf .

Ifeanyi OE, Obeagu GU, Ijeoma FO, Chioma UI. The values of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) among HIV positive patients in FMC Owerri. Int J Curr Res Aca Rev. 2015; 3:139-144. https://www.academia.edu/download/38320159/Obeagu_Emmanuel_Ifeanyi3__et_al.IJCRAR.pdf .

Obiomah CF, Obeagu EI, Ochei KC, Swem CA, Amachukwu BO. Hematological indices o HIV seropositive subjects in Nnamdi Azikiwe University teaching hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi. Ann Clin Lab Res. 2018;6(1):1-4. links/5aa2bb17a6fdccd544b7526e/Haematological-Indices-of-HIV-Seropositive-Subjects-at-Nnamdi-Azikiwe.pdf

Omo-Emmanuel UK, Ochei KC, Osuala EO, Obeagu EI, Onwuasoanya UF. Impact of prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV on positivity rate in Kafanchan, Nigeria. Int. J. Curr. Res. Med. Sci. 2017;3(2): 28-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22192/ijcrms.2017.03.02.005

Aizaz M, Abbas FA, Abbas A, Tabassum S, Obeagu EI. Alarming rise in HIV cases in Pakistan: Challenges and future recommendations at hand. Health Science Reports. 2023;6(8): e1450. https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.1450 PMid:37520460 PMCid:PMC10375546

Obeagu EI, Amekpor F, Scott GY. An update of human immunodeficiency virus infection: Bleeding disorders. J Pub Health Nutri. 2023

(1). 2023;139. links/645b4a6c2edb8e5f094d9bd9/An-update-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-infection-Bleeding.pdf .

Obeagu EI, Scott GY, Amekpor F, Ofodile AC, Edoho SH, Ahamefula C. Prevention of New Cases of Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Pragmatic Approaches of Saving Life in Developing Countries. Madonna University journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2022;2(3):128-134. https://madonnauniversity.edu.ng/journals/index.php/medicine/article/view/86 .

Walter O, Anaebo QB, Obeagu EI, Okoroiwu IL. Evaluation of Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time and Prothrombin Time in HIV and TB Patients in Owerri Metropolis. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2022:29-34. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2022/v34i3A35560

Odo M, Ochei KC, Obeagu EI, Barinaadaa A, Eteng EU, Ikpeme M, Bassey JO, Paul AO. Cascade variabilities in TB case finding among people living with HIV and the use of IPT: assessment in three levels of care in cross River State, Nigeria. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2020;32(24):9-18. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i2430789

Jakheng SP, Obeagu EI. Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus based on demographic and risk factors among pregnant women attending clinics in Zaria Metropolis, Nigeria. J Pub Health Nutri. 2022 https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v13i230295

(8). 2022;137. links/6317a6b1acd814437f0ad268/Seroprevalence-of-human-immunodeficiency-virus-based-on-demographic-and-risk-factors-among-pregnant-women-attending-clinics-in-Zaria-Metropolis-Nigeria.pdf .

Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU. A Review of knowledge, attitudes and socio-demographic factors associated with non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. 2023;10(9):135-142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22192/ijarbs.2023.10.09.015 links/6516faa61e2386049de5e828/A-Review-of-knowledge-attitudes-and-socio-demographic-factors-associated-with-non-adherence-to-antiretroviral-therapy-among-people-living-with-HIV-AIDS.pdf

Obeagu EI, Onuoha EC. Tuberculosis among HIV Patients: A review of Prevalence and Associated Factors. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. 2023;10(9):128-134.DOI: 10.22192/ijarbs.2023.10.09.014 links/6516f938b0df2f20a2f8b0e0/Tuberculosis-among-HIV-Patients-A-review-of-Prevalence-and-Associated-Factors.pdf .

Obeagu EI, Ibeh NC, Nwobodo HA, Ochei KC, Iwegbulam CP. Haematological indices of malaria patients coinfected with HIV in Umuahia. Int. J. Curr. Res. Med. Sci. 2017;3(5):100-104. https://www.academia.edu/download/54317126/Haematological_indices_of_malaria_patients_coinfected_with_HIV.pdf https://doi.org/10.22192/ijcrms.2017.03.05.014

Jakheng SP, Obeagu EI, Abdullahi IO, Jakheng EW, Chukwueze CM, Eze GC, Essien UC, Madekwe CC, Madekwe CC, Vidya S, Kumar S. Distribution Rate of Chlamydial Infection According to Demographic Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Clinics in Zaria Metropolis, Kaduna State, Nigeria. South Asian Journal of Research in Microbiology. 2022;13(2):26-31. https://doi.org/10.9734/sajrm/2022/v13i230295

Viola N, Kimono E, Nuruh N, Obeagu EI. Factors Hindering Elimination of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV Service Uptake among HIV Positive Women at Comboni Hospital Kyamuhunga Bushenyi District. Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences. 2023;3(2):7-14. http://ajdhs.com/index.php/journal/article/view/39 . https://doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v3i2.39

Okorie HM, Obeagu Emmanuel I, Okpoli Henry CH, Chukwu Stella N. Comparative study of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) and rapid test screening methods on HIV, Hbsag, Hcv and Syphilis among voluntary donors in. Owerri, Nigeria. J Clin Commun Med. 2020;2(3):180-183.DOI: DOI: 10.32474/JCCM.2020.02.000137 links/5f344530458515b7291bd95f/Comparative-Study-of-Enzyme-Linked-Immunosorbent-Assay-ElISA-and-Rapid-Test-Screening-Methods-on-HIV-HBsAg-HCV-and-Syphilis-among-Voluntary-Donors-in-Owerri-Nigeria.pdf .

Ezugwu UM, Onyenekwe CC, Ukibe NR, Ahaneku JE, Onah CE, Obeagu EI, Emeje PI, Awalu JC, Igbokwe GE. Use of ATP, GTP, ADP and AMP as an Index of Energy Utilization and Storage in HIV Infected Individuals at NAUTH, Nigeria: A Longitudinal, Prospective, Case-Controlled Study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2021;33(47A):78-84. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i47A32992

Emannuel G, Martin O, Peter OS, Obeagu EI, Daniel K. Factors Influencing Early Neonatal Adverse Outcomes among Women with HIV with Post Dated Pregnancies Delivering at Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Uganda. Asian Journal of Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2023;6(1):203-211. http://research.sdpublishers.net/id/eprint/2819/ .

Igwe MC, Obeagu EI, Ogbuabor AO, Eze GC, Ikpenwa JN, Eze-Steven PE. Socio-Demographic Variables of People Living with HIV/AIDS Initiated on ART in 2014 at Tertiary Health Institution in Enugu State. Asian Journal of Research in Infectious Diseases. 2022;10(4):1-7. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrid/2022/v10i430294

Vincent CC, Obeagu EI, Agu IS, Ukeagu NC, Onyekachi-Chigbu AC. Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy among HIV/AIDS in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2021;33(57A):360-8. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i57A34007

Busch MP, Bloch EM, Kleinman S. Prevention of transfusion-transmitted infections. Blood, The Journal of the American Society of Hematology. 2019;133(17):1854-1864. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-11-833996 PMid:30808637

Igwe MC, Obeagu EI, Ogbuabor AO. Analysis of the Factors and Predictors of Adherence to Healthcare of People Living with HIV/AIDS In Tertiary Health Institutions in Enugu State. Madonna University journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2022;2(3):42-57. https://madonnauniversity.edu.ng/journals/index.php/medicine/article/view/75 .

Madekwe CC, Madekwe CC, Obeagu EI. Inequality of monitoring in Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Tuberculosis and Malaria: A Review. Madonna University journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2022;2(3):6-15. https://madonnauniversity.edu.ng/journals/index.php/medicine/article/view/69

Echendu GE, Vincent CC, Ibebuike J, Asodike M, Naze N, Chinedu EP, Ohale B, Obeagu EI. Weights Of Infants Born to HIV Infected Mothers: A Prospective Cohort Study In Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo State. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 2023; 10(8): 564-568

Nwosu DC, Nwanjo HU, Okolie NJ, Ikeh K, Ajero CM, Dike J, Ojiegbe GC, Oze GO, Obeagu EI, Nnatunanya I, Azuonwu O. Biochemical Alterations in Adult HIV Patients on Antiretrqviral Therapy. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2015; 4(3): 153-160. links/5a4fd0500f7e9bbc10526b38/BIOCHEMICAL-ALTERATIONS-IN-ADULT-HIV-PATIENTS-ON-ANTIRETRQVIRAL-THERAPY.pdf .

Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU. Effect of CD4 Counts on Coagulation Parameters among HIV Positive Patients in Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Nigeria. Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol. 2015;2(4):45-49.

Obeagu EI, Nwosu DC. Adverse drug reactions in HIV/AIDS patients on highly active antiretro viral therapy: a review of prevalence. Int. J. Curr. Res. Chem. Pharm. Sci. 2019;6(12):45-48.DOI: 10.22192/ijcrcps.2019.06.12.004 links/650aba1582f01628f0335795/Adverse-drug-reactions-in-HIV-AIDS-patients-on-highly-active-antiretro-viral-therapy-a-review-of-prevalence.pdf .

Obeagu EI, Scott GY, Amekpor F, Obeagu GU. Implications of CD4/CD8 ratios in Human Immunodeficiency Virus infections. Int. J. Curr. Res. Med. Sci. 2023;9(2):6-13.DOI: 10.22192/ijcrms.2023.09.02.002 links/645a4a462edb8e5f094ad37c/Implications-of-CD4-CD8-ratios-in-Human-Immunodeficiency-Virus-infections.pdf .

Obeagu EI, Ochei KC, Okeke EI, Anode AC. Assessment of the level of haemoglobin and erythropoietin in persons living with HIV in Umuahia. Int. J. Curr. Res. Med. Sci. 2016;2(4):29-33. links/5711c47508aeebe07c02496b/Assessment-of-the-level-of-haemoglobin-and-erythropoietin-in-persons-living-with-HIV-in-Umuahia.pdf .

Ifeanyi OE, Obeagu GU. The Values of CD4 Count, among HIV Positive Patients in FMC Owerri. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci. 2015;4(4):906-910. https://www.academia.edu/download/38320134/Obeagu_Emmanuel_Ifeanyi_and_Obeagu__Getrude_Uzoma.EMMA2.pdf .

Obeagu EI, Okeke EI, Anonde Andrew C. Evaluation of haemoglobin and iron profile study among persons living with HIV in Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria. Int. J. Curr. Res. Biol. Med. 2016;1(2):1-5.

Alum EU, Ugwu OP, Obeagu EI, Okon MB. Curtailing HIV/AIDS Spread: Impact of Religious Leaders. Newport International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (NIJRMS). 2023;3(2):28-31.

Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU, Paul-Chima UO. Stigma Associated With HIV. AIDS: A Review. Newport International Journal of Public Health and Pharmacy (Nijpp). 2023;3(2):64-67.

Alum EU, Obeagu EI, Ugwu OP, Aja PM, Okon MB. HIV Infection and Cardiovascular diseases: The obnoxious Duos. Newport International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (NIJRMS). 2023;3(2):95-99.

Ibebuike JE, Nwokike GI, Nwosu DC, Obeagu EI. A Retrospective Study on Human Immune Deficiency Virus among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Imo State University Teaching Hospital. International Journal of Medical Science and Dental Research, 2018; 1 (2):08-14. https://www.ijmsdr.org/published%20paper/li1i2/A%20Retrospective%20Study%20on%20Human%20Immune%20Deficiency%20Virus%20among%20Pregnant%20Women%20Attending%20Antenatal%20Clinic%20in%20Imo%20State%20University%20Teaching%20Hospital.pdf .

Obeagu EI, Obarezi TN, Omeh YN, Okoro NK, Eze OB. Assessment of some haematological and biochemical parametrs in HIV patients before receiving treatment in Aba, Abia State, Nigeria. Res J Pharma Biol Chem Sci. 2014; 5:825-830.

Obeagu EI, Obarezi TN, Ogbuabor BN, Anaebo QB, Eze GC. Pattern of total white blood cell and differential count values in HIV positive patients receiving treatment in Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. International Journal of Life Science, Biotechnology and Pharama Research. 2014; 391:186-189.

Obeagu EI. A Review of Challenges and Coping Strategies Faced by HIV/AIDS Discordant Couples. Madonna University journal of Medicine and Health Sciences ISSN: 2814-3035. 2023; 3 (1): 7-12.

Oloro OH, Obeagu EI. A Systematic Review on Some Coagulation Profile in HIV Infection. International Journal of Innovative and Applied Research. 2022;10(5):1-11.

Nwosu DC, Obeagu EI, Nkwuocha BC, Nwanna CA, Nwanjo HU, Amadike JN, Ezemma MC, Okpomeshine EA, Ozims SJ, Agu GC. Alterations in superoxide dismutiase, vitamins C and E in HIV infected children in Umuahia, Abia state. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences. 2015;2(11):268-271.

Obeagu EI, Malot S, Obeagu GU, Ugwu OP. HIV resistance in patients with Sickle Cell Anaemia. NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC AND EXPERIMENTAL SCIENCES (NIJSES). 2023;3(2):56-59.

Kotwal J, Singh V, Kotwal A, Dutta V, Nair V. A study of haematological and bone marrow changes in symptomatic patients with human immune deficiency virus infection with special mention of functional iron deficiency, anaemia of critically ill and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. medical journal armed forces india. 2013;69(4):319-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mjafi.2012.11.002 PMid:24600136 PMCid:PMC3862888

Bloch EM, Vermeulen M, Murphy E. Blood transfusion safety in Africa: a literature review of infectious disease and organizational challenges. Transfusion medicine reviews. 2012 Apr 1;26(2):164-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmrv.2011.07.006 PMid:21872426 PMCid:PMC3668661

Cserti C. Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious Diseases. Risk Management in Blood Transfusion Medicine. 2019;39. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-54837-3.00005-5

Ifeanyi OE, Uzoma OG, Stella EI, Chinedum OK, Abum SC. Vitamin D and insulin resistance in HIV sero positive individuals in Umudike. Int. J. Curr. Res. Med. Sci. 2018;4(2):104-108.

Ifeanyi OE, Leticia OI, Nwosu D, Chinedum OK. A Review on blood borne viral infections: universal precautions. Int. J. Adv. Res. Biol. Sci. 2018;5(6):60-66.

Nwovu AI, Ifeanyi OE, Uzoma OG, Nwebonyi NS. Occurrence of Some Blood Borne Viral Infection and Adherence to Universal Precautions among Laboratory Staff in Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki Ebonyi State. Arch Blood Transfus Disord. 2018;1(2).

Chinedu K, Takim AE, Obeagu EI, Chinazor UD, Eloghosa O, Ojong OE, Odunze U. HIV and TB co-infection among patients who used Directly Observed Treatment Short-course centres in Yenagoa, Nigeria. IOSR J Pharm Biol Sci. 2017;12(4):70-75.

Offie DC, Obeagu EI, Akueshi C, Njab JE, Ekanem EE, Dike PN, Oguh DN. Facilitators and barriers to retention in HIV care among HIV infected MSM attending Community Health Center Yaba, Lagos Nigeria. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International. 2021;33(52B):10-19. https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i52B33593

Published

15.03.2024

How to Cite

Obeagu, E. I., & Obeagu , G. U. . (2024). Transfusion Therapy in HIV: Risk Mitigation and Benefits for Improved Patient Outcomes. Asian Journal of Dental and Health Sciences, 4(1), 32–37. https://doi.org/10.22270/ajdhs.v4i1.62

Citations

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>